Pronoun Reference Charts
Complete charts for detached pronouns, attached pronouns, demonstratives, and relatives.
Pronoun Reference Charts
Complete reference for all four categories of Arabic pronouns (الضَّمَائِرُ / ad-damaa’iru) used throughout the Quran. This reference uses fully vocalized Arabic text with Hamza above alif (ʾa / أَ) and Hamza below alif (ʾi / إِ) marks where appropriate.
Quick Navigation
- Independent Pronouns - Standalone subject pronouns
- Attached Pronouns - Suffix pronouns on verbs, nouns, and particles
- Demonstrative Pronouns - Pointing words (this/that)
- Relative Pronouns - Connecting words (who/which/that)
Independent Pronouns
الضَّمَائِرُ الْمُنْفَصِلَةُ (ad-damaa’iru l-munfasilah) - Independent/Detached Pronouns
These pronouns stand alone as complete words, typically serving as subjects in nominal and verbal sentences.
| Person/Gender | Arabic | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular | أَنَاْ | anaa | I |
| 1st Plural | نَحْنُ | nahnu | we |
| 2nd Singular (m) | أَنْتَ | anta | you (masculine) |
| 2nd Singular (f) | أَنْتِ | anti | you (feminine) |
| 2nd Dual (m+f) | أَنْتُمَا | antumaa | you two |
| 2nd Plural (m) | أَنْتُمْ | antum | you all (masculine) |
| 2nd Plural (f) | أَنْتُنَّ | antunna | you all (feminine) |
| 3rd Singular (m) | هُوَ | huwa | he/it |
| 3rd Singular (f) | هِيَ | hiya | she/it |
| 3rd Dual (m) | هُمَاْ | humaa | they two (masculine) |
| 3rd Dual (f) | هُمَاْ | humaa | they two (feminine) |
| 3rd Plural (m) | هُمْ | hum | they (masculine) |
| 3rd Plural (f) | هُنَّ | hunna | they (feminine) |
إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ
Indeed, You are the All-Knowing, the All-Wise
— Surah Al-Baqarah 2:32
Learn more: See lessons L3.08 Subject Pronouns for detailed usage patterns.
Attached Pronouns
الضَّمَائِرُ الْمُتَّصِلَةُ (ad-damaa’iru l-muttasilah) - Attached/Connected Pronouns
These pronouns appear as suffixes attached to verbs, nouns, or particles. Their meaning changes based on what they attach to.
On Verbs (Object Pronouns)
When attached to verbs, these pronouns indicate the object of the action.
| Person/Gender | Suffix | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular | -nee | رَآنِيْ | he saw me |
| 1st Plural | -naa | رَآنَاْ | he saw us |
| 2nd Singular (m) | -ka | رَآكَْ | he saw you (m) |
| 2nd Singular (f) | -ki | رَآكِْ | he saw you (f) |
| 2nd Dual (m+f) | -kumaa | رَآكُمَاْ | he saw you two |
| 2nd Plural (m) | -kum | رَآكُمْ | he saw you all (m) |
| 2nd Plural (f) | -kunna | رَآكُنَّ | he saw you all (f) |
| 3rd Singular (m) | -hu | رَآهُْ | he saw him/it |
| 3rd Singular (f) | -haa | رَآهَاْ | he saw her/it |
| 3rd Dual (m+f) | -humaa | رَآهُمَاْْ | he saw them two |
| 3rd Plural (m) | -hum | رَآهُمْ | he saw them (m) |
| 3rd Plural (f) | -hunna | رَآهُنَّ | he saw them (f) |
رَبَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِن نَّسِينَا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا
Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have forgotten or erred
— Surah Al-Baqarah 2:286
On Nouns (Possessive Pronouns)
When attached to nouns, these pronouns indicate possession (my, your, his, her, etc.).
| Person/Gender | Suffix | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular | -ee / -nee | كِتَابِيَ | my book |
| 1st Plural | -naa | كِتَابُنَاْ | our book |
| 2nd Singular (m) | -ka | كِتَابُكَ | your book (m) |
| 2nd Singular (f) | -ki | كِتَابُكِ | your book (f) |
| 2nd Dual (m+f) | -kumaa | كِتَابُكُمَا | your book (dual) |
| 2nd Plural (m) | -kum | كِتَابُكُمْ | your book (m.pl) |
| 2nd Plural (f) | -kunna | كِتَابُكُنَّ | your book (f.pl) |
| 3rd Singular (m) | -hu | كِتَابُهُ | his book |
| 3rd Singular (f) | -haa | كِتَابُهَاْ | her book |
| 3rd Dual (m+f) | -humaa | كِتَابُهُمَاْ | their book (dual) |
| 3rd Plural (m) | -hum | كِتَابُهُمْ | their book (m.pl) |
| 3rd Plural (f) | -hunna | كِتَابُهُنَّ | their book (f.pl) |
الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds
— Surah Al-Fatihah 1:2
On Particles
When attached to prepositions and certain particles, pronouns indicate the object of the preposition.
| Particle | With Pronoun | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| مِنْ (from) | مِنِّي | minnee | from me |
| مِنْ (from) | مِنْكَ | minka | from you (m) |
| مِنْ (from) | مِنْهُ | minhu | from him |
| إِلَىْ (to) | إِلَيَّ | ilayya | to me |
| إِلَىْ (to) | إِلَيْكَ | ilayka | to you (m) |
| إِلَىْ (to) | إِلَيْهِ | ilayhi | to him |
| لِـ (for) | لِيَ | liya | for me |
| لِـ (for) | لَكَ | laka | for you (m) |
| لِـ (for) | لَهُ | lahu | for him |
| بِـ (with/by) | بِيَ | biya | with me |
| بِـ (with/by) | بِكَ | bika | with you (m) |
| بِـ (with/by) | بِهِ | bihi | with him |
إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ
You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help
— Surah Al-Fatihah 1:5
Learn more: See lesson L3.09 Attached Pronouns for comprehensive coverage of all attachment contexts.
Demonstrative Pronouns
أَسْمَاءُ الْإِشَارَةِ (asmaa’u l-ishaarah) - Demonstrative Pronouns/Nouns of Indication
These pronouns point to near or far objects, people, or concepts (this, that, these, those).
| Gender/Number | Arabic | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine Singular | هَٰذَاْ | haadhaa | this (m) |
| Feminine Singular | هَٰذِهِ | haadhihi | this (f) |
| Dual (m+f) | هَٰذَاْنِ / هَٰذَيْنِ | haadhaani / hadhayni | these two |
| Plural (m+f) | هَٰؤُلَاءِ | haa'ulaa'i | these |
| Gender/Number | Arabic | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine Singular | ذَٰلِكَ | dhaalika | that (m) |
| Feminine Singular | تِلْكَ | tilka | that (f) |
| Dual (m+f) | ذَانِكَ / ذَيْنِكَ | dhaanika / dhaynika | those two |
| Plural (m+f) | أُولَٰئِكَ | ulaa'ika | those |
ذَٰلِكَ الْكِتَابُ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ هُدًى لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ
This is the Book about which there is no doubt, a guidance for those conscious of Allah
— Surah Al-Baqarah 2:2
| Form | Arabic | Usage Context |
|---|---|---|
| هَٰذَاْ + definite noun | هَٰذَاْ الْكِتَابُْ | this book (specific) |
| ذَٰلِكَ + definite noun | ذَٰلِكَ الْيَوْمُ | that day (specific) |
| Place indicator | هُنَاْ | here |
| Place indicator | هُنَاْلِكَ | there |
| Place indicator | هَٰهُنَاْ | right here |
هَٰؤُلَاءِ قَوْمُنَا اتَّخَذُوا مِن دُونِهِ آلِهَةً
These, our people, have taken besides Him deities
— Surah Al-Kahf 18:15
Learn more: See lesson L3.10 Demonstrative Pronouns for detailed usage in nominal sentences.
Relative Pronouns
الْأَسْمَاءُ الْمَوْصُولَةُ (al-asmaa’u l-mawsoolah) - Relative Pronouns/Relative Nouns
These pronouns connect clauses and introduce relative clauses (who, which, that, what).
Specific Relative Pronouns
These change based on gender and number.
| Gender/Number | Arabic | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine Singular | الَّذِي | alladhee | who/which/that (m.sg) |
| Feminine Singular | الَّتِي | allatee | who/which/that (f.sg) |
| Masculine Dual | اللَّذَانِْ / اللَّذَيْنِ | alladhaani / alladhayni | who/which (m.dual) |
| Feminine Dual | اللَّتَانِْ / اللَّتَيْنِ | allataani / allataayni | who/which (f.dual) |
| Masculine Plural | الَّذِينَ | alladheena | who/which/that (m.pl) |
| Feminine Plural | اللَّاتِيِْ / اللَّوَاتِيِْ | allaatee / allawaatee | who/which/that (f.pl) |
الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ
All praise is due to Allah, who created the heavens and the earth
— Surah Al-An'am 6:1
Common (Indeclinable) Relative Pronouns
These do not change for gender or number.
| Arabic | Transliteration | Meaning | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
| مَنْ | man | who/whoever | For rational beings (people) |
| مَا | maa | what/whatever | For non-rational beings or concepts |
| ذَا (after مَنْ/مَا) | dhaa | who/what | Combined: مَنْ ذَا = who? / مَا ذَا = what? |
وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ يَعْلَمْهُ اللَّهُ
And whatever you do of good - Allah knows it
— Surah Al-Baqarah 2:197
| Word | As Question | As Relative |
|---|---|---|
| مَنْ | Who? (question) | who/whoever (relative) |
| مَا | What? (question) | what/whatever (relative) |
| مَاذَاْ | What? (question) | what (relative) |
| أَيْنَ | Where? (question) | where (relative with أَيْنَمَا) |
وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ
But those who believed and did righteous deeds - those are the companions of Paradise
— Surah Al-Baqarah 2:82
Learn more: See lesson L3.11 Relative Pronouns for comprehensive coverage of relative clause construction.
Summary
Four Pronoun Categories:
- Independent Pronouns (الضَّمَائِرُ الْمُنْفَصِلَةُ) - Stand-alone words (I, you, he, she, we, they)
- Attached Pronouns (الضَّمَائِرُ الْمُتَّصِلَةُ) - Suffixes on verbs (object), nouns (possession), particles (prepositional objects)
- Demonstrative Pronouns (أَسْمَاءُ الْإِشَارَةِ) - Pointing words (this, that, these, those)
- Relative Pronouns (الْأَسْمَاءُ الْمَوْصُولَةُ) - Connecting words (who, which, that, what)
Related Resources:
- 200 Most Used Words - Includes high-frequency pronouns
- Glossary - Terminology definitions
- Case Endings Chart - For understanding pronoun case changes