إِضَافَة iḍāfah
A possessive chain: noun A 'of' noun B. The second noun is always genitive.
اسْم مَوْصُول ism mawṣūl
A relative pronoun: 'who, which, that'.
حَصْر ḥaṣr
Restriction. A grammatical technique that means 'only this, nothing else'.
صِفَة ṣifah
An adjective. Must agree with its noun in gender, number, definiteness, and case.
كَسْرَة kasrah
The short 'i' vowel — marks the genitive case on a noun.
مُبْتَدَأ mubtadaʾ
The subject of a nominal sentence.